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                <term xml:lang="en">heart rate variability</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">water immersion</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">active recovery</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">whole-body cryotherapy</term>
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                <term xml:lang="en">maximal exercise</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr"> variabilité du rythme cardiaque</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr"> récupération active</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr"> exercice maximal</term>
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                <term xml:lang="fr"> immersion dans l'eau</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr"> athlète féminine</term>
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              <p>This study investigated the effect of whole-body cryostimulation (WBC), contrast-water therapy (CWT), active recovery (ACT), and passive condition (PAS) protocols on the parasympathetic reactivation and metabolic parameters of recovery in elite synchronized swimmers who performed 2 simulated competition ballets (B1 and B2) separated by 70 min. After determining maximal oxygen consumption (V ˙ O 2max400) and blood lactate concentrations ([La − ] b400) during a 400-m swim trial, 11 swimmers performed 1 protocol per week in randomized order. Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured at rest (PreB1), 5 min after B1 (PostB1), before B2 (PreB2), and 5 min after B2 (PostB2). V ˙ O 2peak was measured at PostB1 and PostB2, and [La − ] b was measured at PostB1, PreB2, and PostB2. PostB1 V ˙ O 2peak and V ˙ O 2max400 were similar, but PostB1 [La − ] b was higher than [La − ] b400 (p = 0.004). Each ballet caused significant decreases in HRV indices. At PreB2, all HRV indices had returned to PreB1 levels in the CWT, PAS, and ACT protocols, whereas the WBC protocol yielded a 2-to 4-fold increase in vagal-related HRV indices, compared with PreB1. WBC and ACT both increased [La − ] b recovery, compared with PAS (p = 0.06 and p = 0.04, respectively), and yielded an increased V ˙ O 2peak from B1 to B2; however, it decreased after PAS (+5.4%, +3.4%, and −3.6%; p &lt; 0.01). This study describes the physiological response to repeated maximal work bouts that are highly specific to elite synchronized swimming. In the context of short-term recovery, WBC yields a strong parasympathetic reactivation, and shows similar effectiveness to ACT on the metabolic parameters of recovery and subsequent exercise capacity. Résumé : Cette étude analyse l'effet de la cryostimulation de l'organisme en entier (« WBC »), de la thérapie par contraste de température (« CWT »), des protocoles actifs (ACT) et passifs (PAS) sur la réactivation sympathique et les paramètres métaboliques de la récupération chez des nageuses synchronisées de niveau élite réalisant deux chorégraphies (B1 et B2) en compétition simulée a ` 70 min d'intervalle. Après l'évaluation de la consommation maximale d'oxygène (V ˙ O 2max400) et de la concentration sanguine de lactate ([La − ] b400) au cours d'une épreuve de 400 m a ` la nage, 11 nageuses participent de façon aléatoire a ` toutes les conditions expérimentales a ` raison d'une par semaine. On évalue la variabilité du rythme cardiaque (HRV) au repos (PreB1), 5 min après B1 (PostB1), avant B2 (PreB2) et 5 min après B2 (PostB2). On évalue le V ˙ O 2 de pointe a ` PostB1 et a ` PostB2 de même que la [La − ]b a ` PostB1, PreB2 et PostB2. À PostB1, le V ˙ O 2 de pointe est similaire au V ˙ O 2max400 , mais la [La − ]b est supérieure a ` [La − ] b400 (p = 0,004). Chaque chorégraphie suscite une diminution significative des indices de HRV. À PreB2 dans les conditions CWT, PAS et ACT, tous les indices de HRV présentent des valeurs observées a ` PreB1, mais dans la condition WBC, on observe 2 a ` 4 fois plus d'augmentation de la valeur des indices HRV associés aux fonctions vagales, comparativement a ` PreB1. Dans les conditions WBC et ACT, on observe une augmentation de la [La − ] b de récupération comparativement a ` la condition PAS (p = 0,06 et p = 0,04); de plus, dans les conditions WBC et ACT, on observe une augmentation du V ˙ O 2 de pointe de B1 a ` B2, lequel diminue après PAS (+5,4%, +3,4% et −3,6%, p &lt; 0,01). Cette étude décrit des ajustements physiologiques a ` des séances répétées d'exercice maximal spécifique a ` la natation synchronisée de niveau élite. Dans un contexte de récupération brève, WBC révèle une importante réactivation parasympathique et s'avère aussi efficace qu'ACT dans la récupération des variables métaboliques et de la capacité physique subséquente. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés : cryothérapie globale, athlète féminine, variabilité du rythme cardiaque, exercice maximal, immersion dans l'eau, récupération active.</p>
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